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Researchers leverage different types of research studies to gather and analyze data. The characteristics you want to observe and your research goals dictate the best type of study to use. Cross-sectional studies, for instance, are vital when researching groups of people at a single point in time.
What is a Cross-Sectional Study?
In contrast, longitudinal research takes considerable time because data is collected across numerous periods (potentially decades). Although longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are both observational, they are relatively different types of research design. This study type is commonly used in clinical research, business-related studies, and population studies. This may be a single snapshot for one point in time or may look at a situation at one point in time and then follow it up with another or multiple snapshots at later points; this is then termed a repeated cross-sectional data analysis.
Publication types
In nursing, simulation education has many advantages, such as improving nursing students’ problem-solving and judgment skills. Simulation education satisfaction is an indicator for evaluating educational performance from the learners’ perspective and an important criterion for the development and progress of nursing education. Therefore, based on NLN/Jeffries simulation theory, this study aims to identify the relationship between simulation design and educational satisfaction and to confirm the mediating effect of flow. The conduct of research requires the selection of the appropriate method to evaluate the research problem or question.
Are cross-sectional studies qualitative or quantitative?
Second, the authors are thankful to the management committees of MUH complexes for their permission and cooperation in data collection. Finally, the authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH), Baltimore, USA. Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents by sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics.
Smoke-free laws and policies are very crucial for comprehensive tobacco control because these have a binding force. For the sub-factor scores of simulation design, the feedback score was the highest, and the fidelity score was the lowest, and a study of Korean nursing students reported similar results [29]. Fidelity is categorized into physical, conceptual, and psychological fidelity, and fidelity is an important factor in simulation design because realism immerses learners in the simulation situation. Think of a cross-sectional study as a snapshot of a particular group of people at a given point in time. For example, a cross-sectional study might be used to determine if exposure to specific risk factors might correlate with particular outcomes. The POR is calculated similarly to the odds ratio (OR) (Alexander, 2015b) and referred to as POR when prevalence is used (Tamhane et al., 2016).
Data availability statement
(PDF) A Study On Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Organizational Commitment Among Health Care Workers: A ... - ResearchGate
(PDF) A Study On Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Organizational Commitment Among Health Care Workers: A ....
Posted: Mon, 11 Mar 2024 07:00:00 GMT [source]
Poor mental health often affects regular activities and probably results in poor professional performance. Given the detrimental effects of depression and anxiety on physical and mental health, it is important to explore the relevant factors, and to thereby contribute toward preventing the development of mental health disorders [5]. 2) Differences in simulation educational satisfaction according to the general characteristics of the participants were analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, and Sheffe’s test was used as the post hoc test. In an analytical cross-sectional study, the odds ratio can be used to assess the strength of an association between a risk factor and health outcome of interest, provided that the current exposure accurately reflects the past exposure. Another purpose of a cross-sectional study is to simultaneously describe multiple characteristics. For instance, it can be employed to explore whether factors like excessive screen time, social media use, and resulting social pressures are linked to specific outcomes such as anxiety.
As cross-sectional studies are cheaper and less time-consuming than many other types of study, they allow you to easily collect data that can be used as a basis for further research. Confidence intervals (CI) measure the precision of the OR, RR, or the possible “variation in a point estimate (the mean value)” (Alexander, 2015b, p 4). A narrower CI indicates a higher level of precision versus a wider CI suggesting a lower level of precision (Cummings, 2013). The sample size also impacts the CI’s width, with larger sample sizes providing a more precise estimate. The approximate value of the point estimate is based on factors (i.e., characteristics like body weight, level of activity) such as the mean (average) of a population from a population’s random samples. Furthermore, suppose the prevalence of a disease or phenomena is low, less than ten percent in the exposed and unexposed population (sample).
Considerations for use: Prevalence Odds Ratio versus Prevalence Ratio
The study revealed that simulation design, flow, and simulation educational satisfaction are positively related and that flow has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between simulation design and simulation educational satisfaction. The results suggest that immersion in simulation situations plays a mediating role in the relationship between simulation instructional design and simulation training satisfaction. To increase the simulation educational satisfaction, the scale should be designed by considering the learning goals and contents, support methods during simulation, problem-solving methods, feedback, realism, and building an immersion strategy. First, further research should assess various variables suggested by the NLN/Jeffries simulation theory. Second, it is necessary to develop faculty development programs to improve the ability to apply simulation design and teaching strategies and to determine their effectiveness. In this study, nursing students were deeply engaged in the simulation and satisfied with their simulation-based education when the simulation design was adequate.
A recent study conducted in 2020 from China shows that nurses experienced more unfavorable mental health outcomes than other healthcare workers during the pandemic [15]. Furthermore, for nurses, poor mental health may influence not only themselves but also their professional performance and the quality of the health care provided, even affecting patient safety [16, 17]. A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with changes in BMI have experienced deteriorating symptoms, such as isolation, anxiety and depression as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous timepoints.
MUH residents who stayed at home for more than 12 hours per day were 2.6 times more likely to prefer a smoke-free building policy than those who stayed at home for 12 hours or less per day (95% CI 1.035 to 6.493). Non-smokers were 3.2 times more likely to prefer a smoke-free building policy than smokers (95% CI 1.317 to 7.582). Residents whose family members smoked were 3.0 times more likely to favour a smoke-free building policy than those whose family members did not smoke (95% CI 1.058 to 8.422). Similarly, MUH residents with at least one child under 15 years of age in the household were 70.0% less likely to choose a common area policy than those with no child under 15 years of age in the household (95% CI 0.152 to 0.778). Females were 3.7 times more likely to prefer a smoke-free unit policy than their male counterparts (95% CI 1.024 to 13.188). Dhaka City has a significantly larger number of MUH complexes than any other divisional city in Bangladesh, although the correct proportion was unidentified due to data scarcity.
The GAD07 questionnaire comprises 7 items, with each item being responded to on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (indicating never) to 3 (indicating always). A GAD07 standardized score of 10 or higher was used to characterize the presence of significant anxiety symptoms. The Cronbach's α coefficients for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were 0.951 and 0.928, respectively.
Conclusions MUH residents in urban Bangladesh highly demanded smoke-free housing. The data collected through the survey was anonymized with a unique identification code and deleted immediately after saving the research data. Stored research data was encrypted and would be permanently deleted three years after the completion of the study. Participants’ mobile phone numbers that were collected to provide rewards were permanently deleted immediately after the rewards were sent. Cross-sectional studies do not allow researchers to track changes over time, making them unsuitable for studying temporal relationships. The primary goal of a cross-sectional study is to describe the prevalence of a specific condition or characteristic within a defined population at a particular moment in time.
However, since this is a 1-time measurement of exposure and outcome, it is difficult to derive causal relationships from cross-sectional analysis. Furthermore, we will also be able to estimate the odds ratios to study the association between exposure and the outcomes in this design. This study analyzed the relationship between simulation design, flow, and simulation educational satisfaction based on NLN/Jeffries simulation theory [14] and previous studies to identify factors related to nursing students’ simulation educational satisfaction.
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